neptunesdolphins: dolphins leaping (Default)
 Named for the God, Janus, the month of January (Mensis Ianuarius) is the hinge of the year: the old year ends, and the new one begins. The second King of Rome (Note 1), Numa Pompilius (715 – 673 BCE) reformed the Roman calendar by adding two more months – January and February at the beginning of the 10-month year. (Note 2) Thus the New Year began in January instead of March. (However, for Romans, both New Years are celebrated.)
 
January is the month for public vows and divination of the coming year. Festivals celebrating the beginnings of life – both human and plant are held. The Carmentalia is for childbirth, and the Sementivae is for crops. Also, the Gods of Healing are given offerings to ensure a healthy year.
 
Gardeners and farmers make a gesture of beginning to work the land on January 1. Then they would refrain from other chores until January 13. Planting did not begin until February 7, when Favonius, the West Wind, who is considered mild, starts to blow.
 
JANUS
Janus, the two-head God, is the God of Beginnings and Endings. In Ovid’s Fasti, Janus explains to the poet why the year begins in the winter instead of the spring. “Midwinter is the beginning of the new Sun and the end of the old one. Phoebus and the year take their start from the same point.” (Note 3) As a Guardian of Time, Janus guards the threshold between the old and the new year. Modern Romans honor Janus by reflecting and planning.
 
AESCULAPIUS and VEDIOVIS
On January 1, dedications to the Gods of Healing were made at temples on an island in the Tiber River. A plague was stopped during the dedication of the temple of Aesculapius on January 1, 291 BCE. Meanwhile, Lucius Furius Purpurio vowed the temple to Vediovis on January 1, 194 BCE for the God’s help at the Battle of Cremona (against the Gauls). (Both of the festivals are dies natalium (birthdays) of the temple.)
 
LARS OF THE CROSSROADS (Lars Compitales)
During January, the Compitalia (Note 4) is observed to honor the Lars who watch over the crossroads. At each crossroads, shrines are set up and dolls hung from them. I live at the nexus of three streets and make offerings of crystals to the Lars. I also hang a wooden doll on my doorknob for a day.
 
CARMENTIS
January 11 and 15 are the two days of the Carmentalia honoring Carmentis, a Goddess of Childbirth and Prophecy. Prayers for safe childbirth are made to Her. For the two days, matrons celebrate their status in the family. In addition, divinations are done.
 
TELLUS and CERES
Held between January 24 and 26, the Sementivae (Note 4) is a festival of purification to protect both the seeds and the sowers. (Work in the fields begins on February 7, when Favonius, the West Wind, brings milder weather.) Tellus and Ceres are entreated to keep the seeds, that were planted in the autumn, safe. Also, the two Goddesses receive prayers thanking Them for the gift of grain. Meanwhile, oscilla (small clay discs) are hung in trees to ward off evil spirits.
 
Notes:
Note 1. Romulus was the first King of Rome.
 
Note 2. During the Roman Republic, January had only twenty-nine days. When Julius Caesar reformed the calendar, he added two more days.
 
Note 3. Starting the year at Midwinter (the Winter Solstice) was common in Northern Europe, especially with the Norse and Anglo-Saxons.
 
Note 4. The Compitalia and the Sementivae are conceptivae (moveable festivals). The Compitalia could be held early as December 17 or as late as January 5. However, it is usually held on January 3.
neptunesdolphins: dolphins leaping (Default)
 A panticle (Note 1) can be made by using a white plate and inscribing a pentagram on it. Jason Mankey suggests making a circle around the pentagram to contain the energy (Note 2). He explains that the circle defines the portal. Instead of making one, I bought a wooden disk with a tree entwined with a pentagram.
 
In the Roman Polytheist tradition, the Door is the liminal space between the inside and the outside. Two-faced Janus watches the Door, keeping the bad out and the good in. Or He lets the bad out and the good enter. In Roman rituals, Janus receives the first and last offerings. He opens the Door to the Gods and watches over the ritual. When the rite is over, He closes the Door.
 
In divination, I asked Janus if the panticle I had purchased would be acceptable to Him. Janus replied no. Then I asked what would be. I finally bought a small silver metal disk with a pentagram in a circle. Wheat shafts were inscribed around the circle.
 
To prepare for the consecration of the panticle, I decided to practice tracing a circle containing a pentagram. Tracing a pentagram in the air with a wand creates a portal between the worlds. I wanted to understand more of the movement of energy and the focus of the will in magic.
 
As a part of my continuing brain therapy, I practice writing in cursive a letter of the day. Vimala Rogers in “Your Handwriting Can Change Your Life” says that “each stroke of the pen reaffirms a thinking habit, and each thinking habit shapes our self-image, and self-image is the lens through which we see life, and this lens determines our behavior.” Rogers continues, “We write the way we do because we think the way we do. Our thought habits are reflected in the neurological patterns in the brain. When we alter the way we write we are simultaneously altering the way we think, and the neuronal pathways shift accordingly.”
 
Drawing the pentagram within the circle has enhanced my magical skills. As Rogers indicated, doing repeated tracing of the pentagram surrounded by the circle changed how I view energy. It helped me to understand the use of the will within magic. I felt the power of the panticle, which became more than an inert object. By repeatedly tracing the panticle, that I had purchased, I activated it.
 
Heron Michelle cautions, “opening the elemental gateways feels like turning a faucet of pure energy to flow into and fill the temple. When done effectively, there is a tangible shift to the energy of the circle once the elements are flowing and mixing. They need the circle to contain them.” She stresses to think of safety in doing this. Tracing the panticle on paper helped me to focus on safely concerning these energies.
 
I made offerings to Janus to bless and to use the panticle in my magic working. In divination, Janus indicated that it could act as a Door. I left the panticle on the altar for four days, since four is a magical number for Romans. At the end, I made final offerings to Janus to close the portal. In using the panticle for magical workings, I will make offerings to Janus at the beginning and at the end of each.
 
Notes
Note 1. Mankey and others refer to the “panticle” as “pantacle.”
Note 2. This is the common symbol used in pentacles (pantacles) – a pentagram in a circle.
 
Works Used.
Adkins Lesley and Roy Adkins, “Dictionary of Roman Religion.” New York: Oxford University Press. 1996.
Greer, John Michael, “The New Encyclopedia of the Occult.” Woodbury (MN): Llewellyn. 2003.
Mankey, Jason and Laura Tempest Zakroff, “The Witch’s Altar.” Woodbury (MN): Llewellyn. 2021.
Michelle, Heron, “Elemental Witchcraft.” Woodbury (MN): Llewellyn. 2021.
Rogers, Vimala, “Your Handwriting Can Change Your Life.” New York: Fireside. 2000.
Zell-Ravenheart, Oberon, “Grimoire for the Apprentice Wizard.” Franklin Lakes (NJ): New Page Books. 2004.
neptunesdolphins: dolphins leaping (Default)
 Note: Regular readers will note that I regularly publish two calendars each month – Roman and Mesopotamian. I do this because I believe that a part of piety is following the liturgical calendar of festivals.
 
——
 
Named for the God, Janus, the month of January is the hinge of the year: the old year ends and the new one begins. The second King of Rome, Numa Pompilius (715 – 673 BCE) reformed the Roman calendar by adding two more months – January and February at the beginning of the 10-month year. Thus the New Year began in January instead of March. (However, for Romans, both New Years are celebrated.)
 
January is the month for public vows and divination of the coming year. Festivals celebrating the beginnings of life – both human and plant are held. The Carmentalia is for childbirth, and the Sementivae is for crops. Also, the Gods of Healing are given offerings to ensure a healthy year.
 
JANUS
Janus, the two-head God, is the God of Beginnings and Endings. In Ovid’s Fasti, Janus explains to the poet why the year begins in the winter instead of the spring. “Midwinter is the beginning of the new Sun and the end of the old one. Phoebus and the year take their start from the same point.”
 
AESCULAPIUS and VEDIOVIS
On January 1, dedications to the Gods of Healing were made at temples on an island in the Tiber River. A plague was stopped during the dedication of the temple of Aesculapius on January 1, 291 BCE. Meanwhile, Lucius Furius Purpurio vowed the temple to Vediovis on January 1, 194 BCE for the God’s help at the Battle of Cremona (against the Gauls).
 
LARS OF THE CROSSROADS (Lars Compitales)
During January, the Compitalia is observed to honor the Lars who watch over the crossroads. At each crossroads, shrines are set up and dolls hung from them. I live at the nexus of three streets, and make offerings of crystals to the Lars. I also hang a wooden doll on my door knob for a day.
 
CARMENTIS
January 11 and 15 are the two days of the Carmentalia honoring Carmentis, a Goddess of Childbirth and Prophecy. Prayers for safe childbirth are made to Her. For the two days, matrons celebrate their status in the family. In addition, divinations are done.
 
TELLUS and CERES
Held between January 24 and 26, the Sementivae is a festival of purification to protect both the seeds and the sowers. Tellus and Ceres are entreated to keep the seeds safe. Oscilla (small clay discs) are hung in trees to ward off evil spirits.

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