Since I am a Roman Polytheist, I follow the Roman Public and Private Virtues. (Note 1) These virtues are the ideals that Romans aspire to in their lives. According to Cicero, the four “Cardinal Virtues” contain the rest. (Note 2) “Prudence” (Prudentia) includes “Patience” (Patientia) and “Forethought” (Providentia), as important values to follow. “Courage (Virtus) has “Tenacity (Firmitas) and “Duty” (Pietas). Meanwhile, “Justice” (Iustitia) has “Mercy” (Clementia), “Equity” (Aequitas) and “Good Faith” (Fides). Finally, “Temperance” (Temperantia) includes “Dignity” (Dignitas), “Responsibility” (Gravitas), “Truthfulness” (Veritas) and “Nobility” (Nobilitas).
How these can be applied in modern life is described by Nessa Bird in her essay, “The Influence of Roman Virtues on Modern Business Ethics.” (Note 3) In business, “Virtus” is a commitment to moral integrity as “a responsibility to employees and stockholders.” “Fides” covers customer and community relations. The business ensures a safe product (service) and customer satisfaction. “Pietas,” which is responsibility in commerce, focuses on responsible business practices. For example, the company does not employ deceptive sales tactics. With “Dignitas,” the company’s reputation entails good will towards the community which includes investors.
Applying Roman virtues to divining means starting with “Virtus” (Moral Integrity). The diviner (reader) works with otherworldly entities and with humans. Unlike regular businesses, divination has a spiritual dimension to it. Mystic Dylan in “Throwing the Bones” notes that psychic links are formed between the tools used for divination, the questioner, and the otherworld entities with the diviner as the focal point. Therefore, the prudent diviner knows their own boundaries. An ethical reader recognizes the entire ecosystem of divination, which is “Pietas” (Duty and Piety)
“Fides” (Trust and Fidelity) for the diviner comes with the reading. A discerning reader understands what the questioner needs to hear and how they need to hear it. Since prophesy can be self-fulfilling, a responsible reader tempers their reading. As the maxim of Astrology states, “The Stars inform; They do not compel.” Therefore, the reading requires the latitude of choice and free will for the questioner. The responsible diviner preserves the delicate balance between what the otherworld entities want the questioner to know and what the questioner can understand.
Moreover, “Virtus” includes a duty to the otherworld entities drawn into this world. The diviner always establishes rules for all involved. Some entities need an offering for their services. Some should not be asked certain questions. Meanwhile to allow the exchange between the entity and questioner to flow, the diviner must remain rooted in the ordinary world.
Notes:
Note 1. Among the fifteen Personal Virtues are “Dignity,” “Tenacity,” “Prudence,” and “Truthfulness.” Among the twenty-six Public Virtues are “Concord,” “Confidence,” “Justice,” and “Piety.”
Note 2. “Everything that is honorable originates from some one of four parts: either in thoroughly recognizing and perceiving the truth; or in safeguarding human association, giving to each his own, and keeping good faith in agreements made; or in the greatness and strength of a lofty and unconquerable spirit; or in the order and due measure of all deeds and speech in which are included discretion and temperance.” Cicero: “On Duties: Book I,” Page 28.
Note 3. Bird considers the following: “Virtus”: bravery and moral excellence. “Fides”: trust and fidelity. “Pietas”: duty to family, state, and gods. “Dignitas”: dignity, worth, and reputation.
Works Cited:
Bird, Nessa, “The Influence of Roman Virtues on Modern Business Ethics,” 30 November 2024. Web. Roman Mythology Worldwide. https://roman.mythologyworldwide.com/the-influence-of-roman-virtues-on-modern-business-ethics/ .
Cicero, “On Duties.” Translated by Walter Miller. Roman Roads Press: Moscow (ID). 2016.
Cook, Tonya, “Influence of Roman Virtues on Modern Ethics,” 30 November, 2024. Web. Roman Mytholology Worldwide. https://roman.mythologyworldwide.com/the-influence-of-roman-virtues-on-modern-ethics-2/.
Dylan, Mystic, “Throwing Bones, Crystals, Stones and Curios.” Weiser Books: Newbury Port (MA). 2024.
Kenny, Dennis, Rev., “Breaking the Spiritual Code.” Wipf and Stock: Eugene (OR). 2023.
Kinneging, Andreas, “The Geography of Good and Evil.” Trans. Ineke Hardy. Regnery Publishing: Washington D.C. 2005.
Leath, Melissa, “Psychic Integrity.” Hay House: Bloomington (IN). 2011.
Sancho, Brandie, “Exploring the Core Roman Virtues: A Path to Moral Excellence,” 28 November 2024. Web. Roman Mythology Worldwide. https://roman.mythologyworldwide.com/exploring-the-core-roman-virtues-a-path-to-moral-excellence/.
Triarius, L. Vitellius. “Religio Roman Handbook.” Independently Published. 2014.
Vest, Jennifer Lisa, PhD., “The Ethical Psychic.” North Atlantic Books: Berkeley (CA). 2022.
Wood, Robin, “When, Why…If.” Livingtree Press: Dearborn (MI). 1996.